College books explains what light cycle is. Cannabis industry just got caught. So Ed is going to say that college universities all over America are wrong???

Read my friends, go learn…

So Ed is telling me it’s OK to veg indoors for 18-24 hours a day even tho the sun outdoors is 16 because he put a plant in the greenhouse in August and the sun was soo intense that your LED can’t get that bright so it’s OK…. Are you serious???

Folks I do 12/1-11 veg 12/1-11 clones and 10-8/14-16 Budding depending on strains… My plants look and grow just fine….. Especially since I don’t veg at all most of the time.

This book below used in universities nationwide backs up exactly what I say… Question you should be asking is, how come no one in the cannabis industry say this???? Except me…

Below is a joke

Looks as if your corrupt narrative is falling apart…. Imagine that.. You keep scurrying like roaches, I’ll keep pointing out your corruption…

Light Cycles in Peter Nelson’s Greenhouse Book

You

Explain the light cycles in the book greenhouse operation and management by peter Nelson

Grok

Worked for 21s

In Paul V. Nelson’s Greenhouse Operation and Management (commonly the 6th or 7th edition; the author is Paul V. Nelson, not Peter), light cycles are covered primarily in Chapter 11 (“Light and Temperature”). The discussion centers on photoperiod (daylength/night length) for controlling flowering and development, along with light intensity, quality, and Daily Light Integral (DLI).⁠Pearson

Photoperiod Basics

Plants respond primarily to the length of the uninterrupted dark period (night), not the day. The key concept is the critical night length—the duration of darkness below which a short-night (long-day) plant responds, or above which a long-night (short-day) plant responds. This critical length varies by species and sometimes by cultivar.⁠Vdoc

Plants are grouped into photoperiodic categories:

• Short-day plants (also called long-night plants) — Flower (or flower more readily) when nights exceed the critical length.
• Long-day plants (also called short-night plants) — Flower (or flower more readily) when nights are shorter than the critical length.
• Day-neutral plants — Little or no flowering response to day/night length.
• Some plants are facultative (response is accelerated but not strictly required) or require specific sequences of daylengths (e.g., dual day-length plants).

The book includes an extensive tabulated list of crops with their photoperiodic response groups.⁠Pearson

Methods of Photoperiodic Control (“Light Cycles”)

Growers manipulate the light/dark cycle artificially:

Creating artificial long days (short nights) — Used to promote flowering in long-day plants or keep short-day plants vegetative:

• Day-extension lighting — Supplemental low-intensity light added at the end of the natural day (or sometimes before dawn) to lengthen the perceived day.
• Night-interruption (NI) lighting — Low-intensity light applied in the middle of the night (commonly ~10 p.m. to 2 a.m., for about 4 hours total) to break the long dark period into two shorter ones. This is highly effective.
• Cyclic (intermittent) lighting — An energy-saving alternative to continuous night interruption. The usual continuous lighting period is broken into multiple short light + dark cycles. Light duration can be reduced by as much as 80%. Example given in the book: where 3 hours of continuous light would normally be used, six consecutive cycles of 5 minutes light + 25 minutes darkness can substitute, greatly cutting electricity use.⁠Vdoc

Typical minimum intensity for photoperiodic (not photosynthetic) lighting is low—around 10 foot-candles (~2 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹) at plant level.

Creating artificial short days (long nights) — Used to promote flowering in short-day plants:

• Opaque black cloth or blackout curtains are pulled over the crop (usually from late afternoon until the next morning) to exclude natural light and create the required long dark period. Light leaks must be avoided.

Related Light Topics in the Same Chapter

• Daily Light Integral (DLI) — Total photosynthetically active radiation received in a day (mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹). Crops are categorized by DLI requirements; this drives growth rate more than instantaneous intensity alone. Supplemental lighting schedules are planned to meet target DLI when natural light is insufficient.⁠Pearson
• Light quality (wavelengths) affects both photosynthesis and developmental responses via photoreceptors (phytochrome, etc.).
• Interactions with temperature (including DIF—the day–night temperature difference) are also discussed for height and flowering control.